# Table 8b: Bilateral vs Multilateral Z₁ Concordance

| Measure | Bilateral | IIP Equivalent | Same sign? | Both sig? |
|:---|---:|---:|:---:|:---:|
| Portfolio total vs Gross assets | 526.57 | 1491.13 | Yes | No |
| Portfolio debt vs Debt assets | -4.38 | 676.17 | No | No |
| FDI outward vs FDI assets | -4.87 | 1492.88 | No | No |

*Bilateral positions aggregated from CPIS/CDIS by reporter-year, normalized by reporter GDP.*
*IIP positions from IMF International Investment Position.*
*Intersection sample restricted to country-years with both data sources.*